The President John F. Kennedy Conspiracy Essay - 1504 Words

Many Americans still remember where they were on November 22nd, 1963. Many could not believe that what they had heard on the radio and seen on TV was real; President John Fitzgerald Kennedy had been assassinated, the youngest ever elected president, and the youngest to have died. Kennedy had become a symbol of the United States’ ideals and future, and with his assassination arose a national sense of fear and distrust. His death caused an incredible commotion in the people and still today, fifty years after, it is impossible to watch the assassination and funeral footage and not feel overwhelmed with questions, mainly who and why. It all happened as President Kennedy was preparing his political campaign for the upcoming elections and†¦show more content†¦He became a suspect for the attempted murder of retired General Edwin Walker, an anti-communist, as â€Å"Oswald appears to have visited Walker’s neighborhood repeatedly during the first week of April [1963],†5 and even though â€Å"the FBI was unable to match the bullet to Oswald’s rifle†¦overwhelming evidence indicates that [he] fired the shot.†6 Because of this and other incidents, the FBI became very interested in Oswald, and kept a close eye on him and his wife, Marina, who was often interrogated regarding Oswald’s whereabouts. In the same month, Oswald left Dallas for New Orleans, which was â€Å"a major center of organized crime.†7 The government had started an intensive fight against organized crime in the United States; its †biggest targets included Sam Giancana in Chicago†¦and Carlos Marcello,†8 who was the boss of the New Orleans crime family and wanted to be removed from the country by President Kennedy and his brother Robert.9 Around the same time, the government had also gotten negatively involved with Cuba, especially with the Bay of Pigs incident, launching a constant war of words between Fidel Castro and President Kennedy. Oswald’s ties with the communists became more evident as he started communication with the Fair Play for Cuba Committee (FPCC), alleging to have been handing out pro-Cuba pamphlets and suggesting that he open a FPCC branch, which he was advised against.10 During the weeksShow MoreRelated`` Libra, By Don Delillo And The Conspiracy Assassinate President John F. Kennedy1226 Words   |  5 Pagesfrom the reported truth. Don DeLillo’s poignant novel Libra is a prime example of historiographic metafiction, bringing fictional characters, conversations, and events together to tell the story of Lee Harvey Oswald and the conspiracy to assassinate President John F. Kennedy. Likewise, philosopher Jacques Derrida poses the idea that the media has total control over the information presented as news. In his interview â€Å"Deconstruction and Actuality,† Derrida states, â€Å"†¦the time of this speaking isRead MoreJohn F. Kennedy Assassination1618 Words   |  7 PagesJohn F. Kennedy Assassination Was John F. Kennedy’s assassination a single shooter or was it a conspiracy? Since November 22, 1963 people around the world have wondered who it was that shot President Kennedy, and what for. So many questions have formed around this event, not just about who the shooter was, but also questions like what might the world have been like today if the shooting didn’t happen? The Kennedy assassination has been a mystery for many years. A lot of people hear about the differentRead MoreThe Assassination of John F. Kennedy1076 Words   |  4 Pages The assassination of John F. Kennedy is one of the most controversial and debated topics in American History. JFK was one of the most beloved presidents of our time. It was November 22, 1963 when JFK was assassinated. Unlike previous presidential assassinations, the JFK assassination is the most conspiracies of all time. The theories are the Government cover up, Mafia influence and Cuban President Fidel Castro. Imagine one person c an do all this planning which Lee Harvey Oswald. There is no wayRead MoreThe Assassination of John F Kennedy1477 Words   |  6 Pagesassassination of John F. Kennedy. The theories are as diverse as the outcomes of investigations conducted at the time of his assassination and continuing to present day. There are many who resolutely believe that Lee Harvey Oswald was a deranged lone gunman with no ties whatsoever to any other person or organization with regard to Kennedys murder. In fact, this group is able to cite some compelling evidence to support this viewpoint. Then, there are others who insist that John F. Kennedys murderRead MoreConspiracy Theories Related to the Assassination of John F. Kennedy1200 Words   |  5 PagesOn the 22nd of November 1963, the 35th president of the United States of America, John Fitzgerald Kennedy, was assassinated in Dallas, Texas. Lee Harvey Oswald was charged with the crime, but was shot and killed two days later by Jack Ruby before he could be taken to trial. The Warren Commission officially determined that Oswald was the lone assassin, however, this conclusion has not been accepted by many. In fact, a 2003 poll reported that 75% of Americans do not believe that Lee Harvey Oswald actedRead MoreAssassination Of John F. Kennedy1002 Words   |  5 PagesThe Assassination of John F. Kennedy â€Å"Our most basic common link is that we all inhabit this planet. We all breathe the same air. We all cherish our children’s future. And we are all mortal.† President Kennedy stated in his commencement speech at American University on June 10, 1963. John F. Kennedy was an American politician who served as the 35th President of the United States from January 1961 to his assassination in November 1963. There are numerous conspiracy theories involving Kennedy’s assassinationRead MoreThe Kennedy Assasination Mysteries Essay1401 Words   |  6 PagesThe Kennedy Assasination Mysteries The Kennedy assassination was a huge part of the 1960s. It still is today due to the lack of information. This lack of information has caused the real truth to become hazy. There are numerous books, web sites, and reports that are filled with stories of conspiracy and lies that were supposedly involved in the Kennedy assassination. This is one of those papers. However, this paper is committed to the research of the truth. The truth being that Lee HarveyRead MoreJohn F. Kennedy s Assassination1739 Words   |  7 Pages John F Kennedy grew up in a wealthy and very political family. His assassination was a shock to many. It was a time of Cold War and the peak of US involvement in Vietnam. It is important to understand the John F. Kennedy regime including both its national and foreign policy. You also need to look into his personal life. This would help to create motives, and find the primary aspect to consider when looking into any homicide, assassination or murder. He was the first pr esident who was a Boy ScoutRead MoreA Look into the Assassination of JFK981 Words   |  4 PagesJohn Fitzgerald Kennedy was born on May 29th, 1917 in Brooklyn, Massachusetts. He was named after his grandfather, John Francis Fitzgerald, who happened to also have a career in politics as the mayor of Boston, Massachusetts. He had 8 siblings, three brothers and five sisters. His parents were Patrick Joseph Kennedy and Rose Kennedy. His early life in Massachusetts helped shape him into one of the greatest presidents America has ever had. Kennedy was an especially bright young man with many talentsRead MoreEssay The Assassination of John F. Kennedy718 Words   |  3 PagesAmerican History is the assassination of John F. Kennedy. JFK was one of the most loved presidents of our time. One article of his death wrote, The day the country weeped(John). The JFK assassination is filled with many conspiracy theories that cannot be proven to be exact facts. Such theories include a Government cover-up†CIA†, Mafia influence, The Illuminati, and Gay Thrill Kill Theory. The idea that lone mind, Lee Harvey Oswald, plotting to kill President Kennedy is too simple to believe. There’s

Sources Of Finance For Smes - 1419 Words

Introduction As the world economy has developed rapidly these years, small to medium sized companies are playing important roles in the acceleration of the global economy development especially in those developing countries. An optimistic finance environment is especially needed to the small and medium-sized company at each stage of their life cycle, from creation through operation, development, restructuring, recovery and beyond. (Agrebi, Mohamed,2009) In this paper, the mainly source of finance to SMEs and the financing difficulties which it may face will be described. The sources of finance for SMEs As the capital of the company can directly impact the whole operation of the company, a lack of money can bring huge lost to the†¦show more content†¦Debt is the money which borrowed from a lender and pay interest on the investment. Equity is the stocks and shares which the company owned now and can be used to convert to cash as a financial investment. Sources of investment which are available for the small and medium sized companies are number of ways and companies need to choose them depend on the nature of the business. Berger, A., and G. Udell (1995) have found that it can be simply classified into two forms of supply money for SMEs which are internal resources and external credit. The internal resources include, retained earnings, current assets, fixed assets and the initial owner financing. Among them the easier one is the retained earnings, as they are liquid assets. This always happens in a small business which not uses this part of money to pay out to the owners but reinvest it into the company. Current assets and fixed assets are the capitals which owned by the company itself but these two kinds of assets have its different chrematistics. Compared to the fixed assets, the current assets can be directly invested into the company because it is consists of only cash or anything that doesn’t waste a long time to be converted into cash. The initial owner financing which are also called the personal savings. It is the backbone of some small business. As it owned by the owners it can be directly used to help the company suffer from the financial risk. Robert Gibson (2014) has

Advocacy Campaign for Child Welfare Free Essays

CHAPTER ONE SITUATION ANALYIS To be able to come up with a good child welfare advocacy, the group assessed the external and internal situation. This chapter evaluates the situations and trends in a particular advocacy. It provides the information needed for planning. We will write a custom essay sample on Advocacy Campaign for Child Welfare or any similar topic only for you Order Now Background of Child Welfare Child welfare is a government- run service for protecting children and young people who are underage which are still vulnerable to abuses like commercial sexual exploitation, trafficking, child labor, and harmful traditional practice. It is estimated that in our country, about 100,000 children die each year from preventable diseases, more than 2 million school age children are not studying, there were also upwards of 2 million working children and that street children number about 200,000 in 57 cities. UNICEF figures out the number of sexually prostituted children at around 60,000. There are many organizations here in the Philippines that promote child welfare that has one common goal which is to help many children, especially children who are homeless and had been abandoned by their love ones. According to Presidential Decree No. 663 dated December 10, 1974 regarding the Child and Youth Welfare Code Art. 3. Right of the Child clearly states that: All children shall be entitled to the rights herein set forth without distinction as to legitimacy or illegitimacy, sex, social status, religion, political, antecedents, and other factors. (1) Every child is endowed with the dignity and worth of a human being from the moment of his conception, as generally accepted in medical parlance, and has, therefore, the right to be born well. 2) Every child has the right to a wholesome family life that will provide him with love, care and understanding, guidance and counseling, and moral and material security. The dependent or abandoned child shall be provided with the nearest substitute for a home. (3) Every child has the right to a well-rounded development of his personality to the end that he may become a happy, useful and active member of society. The gifted child shall be given opportun ity and encouragement to develop his special talents. The emotionally disturbed or socially maladjusted child shall be treated with sympathy and understanding, and shall be entitled to treatment and competent care. The physically or mentally handicapped child shall be given the treatment, education and care required by his particular condition. (4) Every child has the right to a balanced diet, adequate clothing, sufficient shelter, proper medical attention, and all the basic physical requirements of a healthy and vigorous life. 5) Every child has the right to be brought up in an atmosphere of morality and rectitude for the enrichment and the strengthening of his character. (6) Every child has the right to an education commensurate with his abilities and to the development of his skills for the improvement of his capacity for service to himself and to his fellowmen. (7) Every child has the right to full opportunities for safe and wholesome recreation and activities, individual as well as social, for the wholesome use of his leisure hours . 8) Every child has the right to protection against exploitation, improper influences,   hazards, and other conditions or circumstances prejudicial to his physical, mental, emotional, social and moral development. (9) Every child has the right to live in a community and a society that can offer him an environment free from pernicious influences and conducive to the promotion of his health and the cultivation of his desirable traits and attributes. (10) Every child has the right to the care, assistance, and protection of the State, particularly when his parents or guardians fail or are unable to rovide him with his fundamental needs for growth, development, and improvement. (11) Every child has the right to an efficient and honest government that will deepen his faith in democracy and inspire him with the morality of the constituted authorities both in their public and private lives. (12) Every child has the right to grow up as a free individual, in an atmosphere of peace, underst anding, tolerance, and universal brotherhood, and with the determination to contribute his share in the building of a better world. The Helping Juans group would like to market our advocacy and also to contribute in giving awareness to everyone about child welfare especially the parents simply because we would like to educate them regarding concerns about the welfare of each and every one’s children, meaning, we love our children and they should be provided with all the support, either physically, financially, emotionally, spiritually, and morally. Every child has their own rights and every one of them need to be treated in a right way. But the child welfare in the Philippines is not given that much attention because the kind of governance we have now is corrupt and cannot be dependable all the times because of countless problems that our country is facing and it is sad to say that number of street children are increasing. But if our government will just make up for all their mistakes and give more attention to our real problems especially the lack of funds on every department including DSWD (Department of Social Welfare and Development), it would be a great relief to everybody especially those children who are in an orphan who had been abandoned and just relying to their orphanage. CHAPTER TWO ADVOCACY CAMPAIGN Christmas for Little Juans is an advocacy campaign introduced by Helping Juans, a group composed of nine members from MA101. We made this group for us to help abandoned children even with just simple things, like feeding them, giving them gifts and showing them love especially to this kind of season. These children are often working in very difficult circumstances without enough food to eat and decent place to sleep. The street is their only home. Our advocacy campaign is to raise awareness about these children. We want them to be recognized and at the same time to be cared and sheltered. It is our organization’s ultimate goal in raising awareness about these kids and also in gathering support for the welfare and benefit of street children in Manila. We are volunteer based and believe that the money our donors give should be used wisely and efficiently as possible. The target participants for our advocacy campaign were the Asia Pacific College community particularly the students of APC. But that doesn’t mean that the campaign is limited only to these people, but instead, they are just mainly the market. APCians, together with the faculty and staff, were encouraged to join to help the group gain funds for their advocacy campaign and help their beneficiary foundation. These participants didn’t regret helping the campaign but instead touched their hearts and realized how important helping the needy people is. The group did not just help others but also helped themselves because by helping other people to the best of their ability, they automatically helped themselves. Helping Juans believed that it is their group’s as well as the entire mankind’s obligation to make sure these kids get proper place to live, proper education and proper treatment, so that they can appreciate their lives and look towards the brighter side and maybe, someday they can also make an impact in this world. CHAPTER THREE PARTNER ORGANIZATION The My Father’s House (MFH) is a licensed, nonprofit child caring organization serving the abandoned, neglected and orphaned children. This organization aims to introduce each child to Jesus Christ with the hope that they come to know Him as Lord and Saviour of their lives through the promotion of discipline and obedience under God’s love and principle, provide programs and services to develop self sufficiency and independency, place children in loving stable Christian homes for their protection and security, and implement holistic programs that will empower children and youth. The organization has a total of 64 students, 10 of which are youth scholar under the Independent Living Program. Others were declared abandoned and voluntarily surrendered by parents. They train these children to observe respect and politeness on their behavior and it is observed that the children have become more accepting of one another and of the authority that the adults have over them. They also implement behavior modification strategies so they would become more open to caregivers and social workers. Children are being adopted by Filipino, American, Spanish and Finnish families. They are open to people who are willing to help and give hands to the children. They prefer clothes, school supplies and food for the children. MFH is located at 135 Ramona Tirona corner Sison St. , BF East Phasi VI, Las Pinas, their location is inside the subdivision and it has a high security which they can have the assurance of the children’s safety. They have places for children to sleep, eat, study and play. They have 3 bed rooms, one room for girls, one room for boys from 5-12 and another for teenagers. They have a kitchen which serves good food and they eat as a family. They have a separate building for studying and well trained teachers for them. They have court, play ground and a pool for the children to enjoy. MFH has several partners like Benny Hinn Ministries and Partners, Department of Social Welfare and Development (DSWD), Inter-Country Adoption Board (ICAB), Association of Child-Caring Agencies in the Philippines (ACCAP), KRAFT Philippines, and Wide Horizons for Children, etc. CHAPTER FOUR OBJECTIVES General Objectives: To be able to raise child welfare awareness in the Asia Pacific College community effectively * To inculcate to the minds of the people the essence of child welfare * To build up empathy for these children * To let the orphans experience God’s loving touch by sharing food, gifts and clothing * To share love and care during the Christmas season CHAPTER FIVE INTEGRATED MARKETING COMMUNICATIONS STRATEGIES The group planned to promote â€Å"Christmas for Little Juans† through print ads and through the use of social networking sites such as Twitter and Facebook. It was found to be more effective as the target market of this advocacy campaign, the Asia Pacific College community is usually inclined with these media, so the relay of the message of â€Å"Christmas for Little Juans† is effective and efficient. A. Viral Marketing Viral Marketing was executed through the use of Facebook. The group has created a fanpage, â€Å"Christmas for Little Juans,† so that they will be able to disseminate announcements and updates easily. Aside from that, it also helped them also be easy to get feedbacks from its participants. B. Advertising Print advertisements were produced so that it will be posted in the bulletin boards. By doing this so, the APC community was able to be aware of that the group campaigns for. C. Public Relation The group built a good relation with their sponsor companies and because of this, these companies helped them fund the advocacy. In addition, they have also talked and discussed to some professors their advocacy campaign. In return, some professors allowed their students to attend the activities the group has prepared. D. Selling The group sold ballers to introduce the campaign to their target market. These items were sold through the micro blogging sites, Facebook and Twitter to minimize costs since selling these items in the cafeteria costs a lot because the group must pay additional expenditure for occupying a space in the caf. On the other hand, they also held a film showing at room 415. * Ballers The group saw the trend of wearing ballers in school so they have thought of selling this item for a cause. In a baller is a statement that says, â€Å"I support Child Welfare. † It was a good way of introducing the campaign since it spoke for what the group campaigns for. The group was able to get it for P35 each and was also able to sell it for P60, making a profit of P25 per baller. * Sponsorships The group sent letters of sponsorships to fund other activities. * Film Showing The group rented Room 415 for film showing. A person will be charged P50 for a movie as an entrance fee. But then, he/she will enjoy free unlimited snacks while watching. b. Culminating Activity * The group wanted to have a culminating activity that will not only benefit the foundation but also give their audience something in return. They’ve came up hand stamps for their culminating activity. APCians were gathered at the cafeteria to post their hand paints on a long cloth. A registration fee of P20 is charged. They got a free button pin that says, â€Å"I SUPPORT CHILD WELFARE. † It’s not only the button pins that they got, but also the extraordinary feeling of supporting a campaign. CHAPTER SIX TIME TABLE CHAPTER SEVEN EVALUATION A. Audience Response a) Advocacy Our advocacy campaign was to inform not only students and professors but everyone to be aware of today’s children welfare. Nowadays, almost everybody is aware of the poverty of our country is experiencing and one major problem is the lack support of the society to the children on the streets. Our Advocacy targets to influence everyone to be aware of what is going on to these children. Implementing our campaign, we expound the knowledge of our audience of what our advocacy really means and how they could help. The audience responded in a manner that we did not expect. They have been aware of today’s children in our society and as part of their response, knowing that this could help the welfare; they did not hesitate to support every event we shared. They let our campaign sink in not only in their minds but also with their heart to show their care for these children. No doubt that our campaign achieved not only its proposed objectives but we also hit the hearts of every audience who cares for the children. b) Culminating Activity The title of our culminating activity is â€Å"High-Five For A Cause†. People wondered what we meant by that, even the audio visual presentation is not enough for them. Due to our creative way of dragging their attention, they started to get curious on our booth—so they went to our area and checked things out. As we explained things to them, we received different types of expression; for some it is just a waste of time and money, but for others they appreciated our concern to the orphan. Now, P20 is not much of a pain in the pocket that is why all we have to do is invite them without too much effort. In addition to this, once they already put their handpaint on the wall they received a button pin meaning that they supported our campaign. Because of this, registration fee was actually a good deal for those who participated. Most of the reactions we got are either a ready to participate gesture or eager to get out of that place. As we execute our activity, we observed that people who have seen our campaign is just a waste of money and time for some, like what we have mentioned before. Moreover, some think that putting paint in their hands is a hassle on their part, thinking maybe the paint we use is hard to get rid off. However, for those who were interested, we observed that as they put their handpaintings on the wall it is more likely a fun thing to do for them knowing that something was unique and it was for a cause. B. Budget Utilization Disbursement of Funds for Christmas Party Funds from Sponsorships Funds from Fund Raising Activities CHAPTER NINE RECOMMENDATIONS For our fund raising Film Showing we could have prepared more chips and more movies to watch. First, the information was not disseminated properly. It was two days before the showing when the group has announced the activity. So that’s why, the group didn’t reach their target number of viewers, and that, the participants were so little. They should have posted the print ads ahead of time so that participants were able to be aware of it. There had been a technical problem with the movie—it was skipping a scene so they had to change the movie. But good thing, the audience still liked the movie and still watched it till the end. The group could have chosen a bigger space like the auditorium but unfortunately they could not afford it. So we decided to hold our event in room 415 which was convenient to other students who have classes so they can easily go to our event after their class. But the group was happy that there are more people who participated and enjoyed their event. Lastly, the film showing could have been a success if the time was extended. Most of the people who bought tickets have classes from 12:45-2:30. It could have been better if the group extended the film up to 5pm. The advocacy campaign, â€Å"Hi-Five for a Cause. † which was held at the APC cafeteria was a success. You could see that every student who would pass by the booth would notice and  support the culminating activity. Although, we recommend that the culminating activity should have been widely spread and advertised more so that more people would be able to support. The event lacked noises to advertise the activity. The group could have put up big advertisements like posters and give away fliers earlier. Some of the supporters were not really aware on what they are doing and some of the group members can’t explain them thoroughly because of more people coming to their booth but Helping Juans gave them fliers which tell what the advocacy campaign all about. But overall, the culminating activity that we organized was a success for us. CHAPTER TEN DOCUMENTATIONS Unlimited chips for film showing Registration Film viewing Hi-Five For A Cause They support Child Welfare. Almost a hundred supported our campaign. Ballers @ P60 each How to cite Advocacy Campaign for Child Welfare, Essay examples

Red Bull Marketing Essay free essay sample

A case study of the world’s most successful energy drink It may be ranked consistently among the worst in taste tests, and is rumoured to be a health risk, but Red Bull’s dominance over the energy drink market actually depends on such rumours. This company only manufactures and markets one product – and has become very good at it, being at the forefront of popular culture without being too outlandish. How did a traditional recipe from Thailand take over the world and become the world’s number one energy drink? Introduction to Red Bull and its Marketing Environment Corporate legend has it that its founder, Austrian Dietrich Mateschitz was on a business trip in Thailand when he spotted a business opportunity with the local â€Å"energy drinks†. An energy drink called Krating Daeng, or Red Bull in Thai, caught his attention for curing his jet lag. At the time, Krating Daeng had already built a loyal following among Thai blue-collar workers such as taxi drivers by helping them stay alert during long and irregular working hours. We will write a custom essay sample on Red Bull Marketing Essay or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Sold on the drink’s effectiveness, he brought some samples home to Austria where he could gain greater clarity on the kind of business and marketing plan required to implement the â€Å"Big Idea† called Red Bull. In 1984, he co-founded Red Bull GmbH in Austria with Chaleo Yoovidhya, the owner of Krating Daeng. Armed with marketing and scientific know-how, Red Bull would take over the world as a product that defined its category. Red Bull is the current market leader in the energy drinks market, a category it helped define. It holds 40% market share. Competitors may or may not be in this category because the beverages business depends on products in adjacent categories which are interdependent. As a first-mover product that defines the energy drinks category, category perceptual mapping must factor in Red Bull, by which a favourable marketing strategy for competitors would be to avoid direct competition. While some other competitor companies, such as the Coca Cola Company and, rely on umbrella branding and brand extensions to market their products, Red Bull GmbH strictly sells one main product line which is Red Bull. Recently, other companies have attempted to encroach into Red Bull’s core product  domain by selling similar products. Naughty G attempts to differentiate itself from Red Bull by offering different flavours such as cola and green tea, as well as a raunchy X factor. Shark is priced as more affordable to Red Bull but is more intense. Red Bull also belongs within the caffeinated drinks category. Competitors within this category include coffee drinks from Nescafe and Starbucks. 2 Red Bull’s strengths are its authenticity, unique formula and its proven effectiveness. Much speculation is held over how the formula works, and is the subject of academic literature. While it is discouraged by health professionals because of various reasons, many urban legends exist about Red Bull and its supposedly therapeutic properties. Red Bull’s weaknesses are its steep price point and its terrible taste. Red Bull is not a drink anyone would want to drink for breakfast. Opportunities for Red Bull are market segments which could use the product benefits. For example, tertiary students were recently identified as people who drink lots of Red Bull because of the need to stay awake while studying for exams. Threats to Red Bull are its company’s dependence on a single product. Environmental factors affecting the company include the latest research regarding the product. Red Bull has been subject to studies which say that the product is unhealthy or unsafe for regular consumption. As a result, there is a sizeable portion of the general public who would stay away from the product or advise their peers to stop drinking Red Bull. Because of these studies, Red Bull has even been banned in Germany, France, Denmark and Norway for various reasons like excessive caffeine, taurine or even amphetamine derivatives. Recently, the European Commission lifted these bans due to lack of evidence. As a company marketed towards young trendsetters, the challenge for the company is to stay ahead with the latest developments in the entertainment scene and support local communities and their events. Recently, smaller companies from all over the world started pushing their own energy drinks. These companies do not have an extensive distribution network like Red Bull, so Red Bull is taking advantage of this by establishing its own media channels and producing original content. The Target Segment it Serves Red Bull targets market segments which it feels can strongly use its product benefit, i.e. a major energy boost to help performance. In line with this product benefit, it supports youth tribes and subcultures elevate their art to a whole new level by organizing and supporting their events. By targeting the few trendsetters and early adopters, Red Bull uses the network effect to stay at the forefront of society. Red Bull’s primary target segment is the 18-25 yr age group. The product is based around a fundamental need of this demographic, so to understand where it is useful, we must first construct a consumer narrative of the 3 target group within this demographic. This is a useful psychographic indicator used in brand positioning. Success is core to the Red Bull consumer. In Maslow’s hierarchy of needs, this success ranks as egoistical and self-actualization, above more basic needs. He is an ordinary person and hero who seeks to be only the best at what he does, to achieve full potential. He looks up to role models who have already made it and are pioneers at what they do. The consumer’s main concern is staying real, fresh and within the circle, and in the scene. Within this exclusive circle of friends, his peers acknowledge mutual respect. The Red Bull consumer may be a thrill seeker, or a cubicle commando. His main fears are not being able to maintain his current lifestyle. From this archetypal analysis we can identify certain shared values of Red Bull target consumers and align our marketing campaign to complement them. 4 Typically, people who might belong to the profile are students, shift workers such as taxi drivers, doctors on call, and extreme sports athletes. To this group of consumers, Red Bull is like a â€Å"cheat code†, or a â€Å"quick fix† to gain an unfair advantage due to the energy boost. It forms the basis for the reason why regular consumers of Red Bull are believers of the product. The collegiate nature of such professions encourages peer approval through wordof-mouth. The nightlife, party and entertainment scene is another core market segment. Ask any clubber to name a non-alcoholic party  drink, and Red Bull scores in top-of-mind awareness. Part of Red Bull’s Unique Selling Proposition (USP) is its authenticity. Rumours regarding the Red Bull formula and government bans of the product in some countries have cemented the product’s egregious reputation. Thus, Red Bull is perceived as the ‘real deal’. It is nonalcoholic and is a powerful stimulant; a drink for grownups. Products / Services of Red Bull Red Bull GmbH sells only one product line which is Red Bull energy drink. The core product is a solution for fatigue. On each can this core product benefit is explicitly stated: â€Å"developed for periods of increased mental and physical exertion†. The actual product is the energy drink which contains high levels of caffeine and taurine stimulants as well as B vitamins which aid in bodily metabolism. The brand or augmented product are the intangible benefits which function at many levels to be discussed later. Red Bull is â€Å"speed in a can†. Red Bull Classic is indigenous and unique to South East Asia. It is marketed separately to represent a different subset of the values which Red Bull represents. The gold can variety is preferably sold in coffee shops at a cheaper price point. It is thicker than the silver can Red Bull and is non-carbonated. The can is compact and thick, almost impossible to crush. The gold can is sturdy and designed to compete in the same category as local herbal tonics such as Tongkat Ali Power Root. In Singapore, Red Bull Classic comes in a 20% less sugar variety known as Singapore’s Choice. Red Bull silver can was the result of the partnership of founders Dietrich Mateschitz and Chaleo Yoovidhya. Dietrich worked with Chaleo Yoovidhya and several unnamed food scientists to create a version of Red Bull that would appeal to Western taste buds. The new formula was less thick and carbonated like fizzy soda. Variants of the silver can are the sugar-free variety and Red Bull Cola brand extension. The Red Bull silver can variety is considered the international version and all marketing efforts consistent to it are coordinated from Red Bull GmbH in Austria. Having two established main product varieties strengthens Red Bull’s core business to venture into brand extensions. The ownership structure of Red Bull GmbH is like a partnership model, freeing itself from corporate formalities that would make some companies appear less genuine and disconnected. Red Bull’s brand extension is built around the marketing efforts of the main product, and reinforces sales for the main product. Red Bull publishes its own magazine, Red Bulletin, and has its own TV station, Red Bull TV, in its recent venture into the media industry. It satisfies the need for independent media and features the world of Red Bull events and its community of surfers, skaters, skydivers, snowboarders, graffiti artists, b-boys, DJs, emcees and other cultural icons. Most drink Red Bull; it is remarkable that all are somehow connected by Red Bull events. 6 Marketing Management Philosophy Red Bull marketing primarily centers around the silver can variety. The silver can is marketed with the societal philosophy in mind. Is Red Bull merely selling a drink, or selling a solution of the needs that are associated with a particular lifestyle? Red Bull complements certain realities of working long hours or physical exertion. A brand’s association with a particular culture, subculture or ‘tribe’ influences consumer buying decision. Studies have shown that top-of-mind awareness strongly relates to point-of-purchase decision. Also, an interesting fact is that companies with greater top-of-mind awareness spend less advertising dollar per consumer than companies with lower top-of-mind awareness. Thus, Red Bull can afford  to keep advertising to a minimum while focusing on building a direct connection to the consumer via active community engagement. Red Bull is a stakeholder in many street-side communities and helps elevate urban arts to the next level. Analysis of consumer needs reveals common areas â€Å"quick fix† and â€Å"real deal†. This implies that it is believably true that Red Bull can solve your problems and enhance your life. From here, we look at the range of market segments which show a demand for Red Bull. The students, doctor or extreme sports athlete is an ‘ordinary guy’ with a massive task ahead. This is where Red Bull comes in. The â€Å"quick fix† turns the ordinary guy into a ‘hero’. This implies that Red Bull is the ‘magic’ to ‘do more’. After metaphorical association and much brainstorming, ‘do more’ relates to the ordinary guy suddenly being able to ‘fly’. Thus its slogan is â€Å"Red Bull Gives You Wings†, with the drink as the ‘Magician’ archetype. It is done in the â€Å"Jester† style to show that Red Bull maintains a challenger brand philosophy despite its dominance in the category . 7 Methods of Promoting Red Bull Using semiotics, the silver can is shaped like a battery, with the logo of two bulls head to head against each other against a rising sun in the middle. This is symbolic of energy and bravery. The diagonal color divisions look like a lightning bolt and a checkerboard flag symbolic of the word ‘go’. At $3.10 a can, Red Bull is usually the most expensive nonalcoholic beverage on the shelf. It is a premium-priced product, but it tastes terrible. It is clear that this product will not sell without a successful marketing campaign. Red Bull gained its massive popularity initially by remaining underground, not advertising, and being bold enough without being radical or outlandish. Aggressive product placement and below the line advertising was key. During parties and school events organized by students, Red Bull would send its famous Red Bull girls to distribute cartons of Red Bull for free. Red Bull would also provide its own space-age turntable  console. Vehicles decorated with Red Bull corporate id was a form of through the line advertising. Product placement of Red Bull in stores is in specially designed fridges which were frequently stolen. Owning a Red Bull fridge is like having your own pinball machine. It was the impetus for a successful viral marketing campaign and expansion of its distribution network in its relatively new markets such as USA and Canada. Only after product success was above the line advertising carried out.

Guardian Angels Review Essay Example

Guardian Angels Review Paper Essay on Guardian Angels It was evening, there was nothing, so I decided to write about the most expensive to me a book by American writer Dean Koontz Guardian angels » Yes, I know, what do you say now, well, or at least think. firstly, the isolation in the novels Kunz often clear even in the middle of the book, and secondly, no matter what happens to the characters, the end will always be happy. Well, the first claim is completely agree, but the works of this master of words I still like them. In the end, we are reconciled with impaired favorite and authors including. With regard to the second point of your possible objections, I do not believe that a happy ending (I categorically do not like the expression of happy end, although in this case it may be more appropriate, the author because American) is a bad thing, since firmly convinced it is always necessary to believe in the best, and then be sure everything will be fine. We will write a custom essay sample on Guardian Angels Review specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Guardian Angels Review specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Guardian Angels Review specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Perhaps this digression is time to end, and proceed directly to the book The Guardian Angel ». Lets start from the beginning. So, what is it? From the private research center dedicated to illicit genetic experiments, escape endowed with human intelligence and vicious dog monster killer. The nightmare becomes at once the life of Travis Cornell and Nora Devon, sheltered the unfortunate dog, and trying to save him from prosecution Since this is a thriller, something must be terribly, that grew cold blood in his veins, tingling on the back ran I was not terribly. Fair! But touching yes. Many times. The reason for this was a golden retriever named Einstein. Normal dog who understands people and thinking like a man. He often saves their hosts Nora and Travis from a variety of hazards. I just fell in love with this clever animal, and even long after you have finished reading the book, tried to talk to a dog of his close friend, and she, or rather he, I fully understand! I remember crying, I finished reading the book , and, it was crying, and not just dropped a couple of tears. Although neither one nor the other is not typical for me. And yet, as it turned out very soon, the precious salty liquid at the time I wasted in vain It felt like a dog in the house, but my father in his usual categorical manner stated. Or I or a four-legged friend of man. Do not worry, here will have my own family sure the head of the dog In the meantime, back to the book!. Its human images, that is, Nora and Travis, is also very nice to me But still, the dog I particularly remember the episodes where Nora taught Einstein to read. I do not know, probably about animals read always touching . However, Vitali Bianchi stories as a child I did not like. But now is not about that. However, to add to the above, and more specifically, vyshenapisannomu I do not care nothing I can only say that the guardian angels. one of the best books of Dean Koontz. And its not just my opinion. But still, the taste and color

Inspector Goole Essays

Inspector Goole Essays Inspector Goole Essay Inspector Goole Essay The Inspectors name is Inspector Goole. This is very appropriate as the name Goole is very much like the word ghoul meaning something supernatural. Indeed the Inspector is a supernatural being, he came from no where and there wasnt any Inspector Goole or anybody like him on the fore, a fake. But a fake who is highly relevant in order for Priestley to even begin getting across his aim. Without Goole none of these characters would understand the roles they play in Evas death, they would not even question their involvement. He is a warning not only to the Birlings but also to society, the audience will absorb the message and if Priestley made an impact on them, they will always think about others in the future and not just themselves. The way he uses Sheila steers the audience in the right direction to the right conclusion. Goole makes dramatic and controversial comments with graphic observations, the girl killed herself and died a horrible death. But each of you helped to kill her. Two hours ago a young woman died Burnt her inside, of course. Such detail emphasises his point and sets a mood of curiosity and mystery, just like the Inspectors character. In conclusion Priestley has certainly made me think about my actions, therefore he has achieved his aim successfully. The point he has made is that we are all equal and all deserve the same respect we give our peers and loved ones. Eva Smith is largely symbolic, she didnt have much in her life, she was underpaid, undermined and was treated with little respect which lead her to her death. This was all due to abuse of power, wealth and status. I dont think any one person is to blame, it is more the fault of society, the Birlings were only worried about maintaining their reputation after the incident. Priestley created suspense, disgust and sympathetic moments in the play which brought upon guilt. If men will not learn they will be taught in fire and blood and anguish. Remember that.

Human Resource Devopment Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Human Resource Devopment - Assignment Example The colleague prefers individualized learning experience where the learning facilitator assumes the role of evaluating the learning process. At the same time, the colleague prefers learning in small coordinated groups where every individual has role to play. Although the colleague prefers participative learning experience, the assertion the colleague make is that such experience should not be independent and structural framework should be established to guide the process. Moreover, the colleague prefers learning process that draws from theories and practical experiences. At the same time, experimental learning that is packaged by facts and real-time examples is what the colleague prefers. Learning that develops on established principles is what the colleague prefers. Lastly, the colleague prefers learning experience that is based on established and communicated discussion methods and one that encourages feedback and evaluations. Learning Curve Learning curve has been used to explain and describe the learning process among different individuals. It constitute graphical representation of how the rate of learning for an individual occur in any given activity or entity (Mangal, 1995). Learning process starts with acquisition of particular idea, which then increases before finally declining after repetitiveness (Mangal 1995). As the curve depicts, learning progress very slowly at first and then accelerates fast. In addition, the curve shows that learning does not progress at the same rate in most cases and this can be demonstrated by the curves and plateaus (Pandey 2006; Heywood 1989). Different tasks are learnt and success acquired... The paper tells that organizations have to initiate lifelong learning, training, and development of their members. Learning constitutes an aspect that growth-motivated organizations cannot ignore or underrate. It is an avenue where change processes in organizations are absorbed and implemented. Nevertheless, organizations have to realize that different individuals possess different learning styles, which constitute an aspect that should be factored when developing and implementing learning strategies. Therefore, the essence of this research paper will be to look at the concepts of learning, training, and development in an organization. Through the research paper, learning theories and learning styles have been identified and discussed hence adequate knowledge has been generated from this. In addition, the research has been able to outline processes for planning and designing training and development in an organization and how such plans can succeed. Moreover, evaluating of training events has been discussed and knowledge about the processes, methods, and procedures of carrying out evaluation has been established. Finally, government initiatives to improve and enhance HR development has been investigated and evaluated and the overall conclusion is that the government plays key role in enhancing HR development. On overall, it can be stated that the research paper has accomplished research objectives that were established earlier in the paper.

American Lives as they were before, during, and after The Civil War Essay

American Lives as they were before, during, and after The Civil War - Essay Example ix). Of course this was in reference to slavery and ensuring that there would one day be the possibility to eliminate slavery from the face of the United States altogether. From a historical perspective it can be assumed that this was one of the main forces that led up to the beginnings of the Civil War. Southerners were against freeing slaves and when the two sides clashed it promoted a split of ideas across the borders and states of the country. All of this took a great deal of time before War seemed to be the only way to change the future outcome of the people in America. Many states in the Deep South had their own particular way of life before the civil war. Many of the upper class southerners had huge slave plantations that were ran by enslaved African Americans. Some of the slave masters were decent individuals who treated their workers fairly and without prejudice yet they kept them as slaves which went against many beliefs of those in the Northern states of the country. ... one well known area that utilized slave workers quite abundantly and as has been stated there were differing degrees to how this was carried out and how it was perceived. The frontier of plantations in Florida was abundant in the era before the civil war, with these lands accruing miles upon miles of land. Many of them had cotton and sugar, of which slave women would work in, picking the cotton and processing the sugar, then the plantation owners selling it for sustenance to live on. Of course there was great wealth to be made for those who owned slave plantations in the time period under discussion (Baptist 2002, p.1).Furthermore, history shows that there were many reasons why there was such a high migration to the Deep South by white citizens, especially to the region of Florida and the outlying states surrounding it. The soil was good for planting in the state as well as growing orchards for spring harvests, of which many southerners were very found of. Before the civil war, white upper class southern families had their fortunes laid out for them. They had opportunities that were vast and land that was open for claiming, however their abuse of African Americans and using them as slave workers the way the did was one of the very reasons that destroyed the southern way of life (Baptist 2002, pg.1). Though times were extremely good for the white settlers, they were extremely poor for the black people of the south. The reason for this was there was no equality, no chance for African Americans to break free from the chains of slavery, no opportunities to become separate individuals from their slave masters. For African Americans, many times their lives seemed hopeless to them as they were sold in and out of slavery, never being able to hold on to any form of

Financial Management Individual assignment Essay

Financial Management Individual assignment - Essay Example The companies with a strong market position can opt for debt route as they can negotiate favorable terms from the lenders. Capital market provides a platform to the companies for issuing new securities like debt and equity. The funds raised from the capital market are used for the long term needs of the business. It consists of primary and secondary markets. The new securities are issued in the primary markets and the trading of these securities takes place in the secondary markets. Capital market plays a major role in the economic and financial development of a country. It helps the entrepreneurs by providing them with the platform to raise capital for their business. It acts as an intermediary between the issuers and subscribers of equity. In the absence of the capital markets many of the investment opportunities would have remained untapped. Besides acting as a financial intermediary it monitors the activities of the market participants (Tadesse , n.d.). This is done to ensure that the funds raised are used for the purpose for which it has been raised. The growth of an economy depends on the presence of an efficient capital market that can mobilize the savings of individuals and also provide the opportunity of offshore financing. With the advancement in the financial markets many businesses can access the overseas markets for the issue of their shares (DUKE The Fuqua School of Business, n.d.). The price of the securities trading on the stock exchange gives valuable information regarding the worthiness of an investment. This also leads efficiency in firm management. As the market price of a firm’s security reflects its fundamentals, the management pays special attention to business activities. By acting as a link between the investors and entrepreneurs, the capital markets facilitate the undertaking of risky projects which would

Transformational Leadership Model Analysis

Transformational Leadership Model Analysis Leadership is the process of influencing other people to behave in preferred ways to accomplish organizational objectives (David H. Holt and Karren W. Wigginton). In the 1970s, leadership theories approaching effectiveness was dominant, for example, path-goal theory (House Mitchell, 1974). Since the late 1980s, new style of leadership theory emerged, as charismatic leadership (Conger Kanungo, 1998; Hunt, Boal, Dodge, 1999), visionary leadership (Sashkin, 1988), and also transformational leadership (Avolio, Bass, Jung, 1999). However, much of the leadership research has concentrated on characteristics and specific effects of charismatic and transformational leadership (Bass 1985; Kanungo1990; Sashkin 1988; Tichy and Devanna 1990). Burns was the first person introducing the concept of transforming leadership in his book Leadership. The version of transformational leadership theory was formulated later by Bass (Bass, 1985, 1996). He defined transformational leadership in terms of the leaders effect on followers by analyzing the behavior used in the process. The employees can be motivated by taking difficult objectives, and achieve beyond initial expectation. This paper will have a thorough analysis on the Transformational Leadership theory. The first part will conduct a general description of the theory, followed by the review over the theory development in Part two. Part three and Part Four will be the conceptual and Empirical support for the transformational Leadership theory. Transformational Leadership Theory Traditional leadership theories emphasized rational processes; rather, theories of transformational and charismatic leadership emphasize more on emotions and values. James MacGregor Burns (1978) was the first author to contrast transforming and transactional leadership. Transformational leadership stresses achievement of higher collective purpose, of common mission and vision. Transformational leadership includes individualized consideration, intellectual stimulation, charisma, and inspirational motivation. Transactional leadership includes contingent reward behavior and management by exceptions. Burns defined the concept of transforming leadership as, a relationship of mutual stimulation and elevation that converts followers into leaders and may convert leaders into moral agentsoccurs when one or more persons engage with others in such a way that leaders and followers raise one another to higher levels of motivation and morality He proposed that the transforming leaders motivate the followers to make them be able to achieve significant goals in the work, which finally lead to values promotion in both parties. Under the theory of Burns, Bass developed more. He put Burns concept into one way process as transformational leadership where the leader transforms followers. It is different from the theory of Burns which indicate a two-way process that leaders and followers perform beyond expectations. Bass add the transformational style of leadership that Burns did not pay attention to. The leadership style incorporate social changes in the process of leaders performance which empirically more effective. According to Bass (Bass 1985, 1996; Avolio et al. 1995), transformational leaders motivate their followers by inspiring them, offering challenges, and encouraging individual development. Studies reviewed by Bass support that transformational and transactional leadership can be very distinctive. There is also evidence that transformational leadership is positively related to subordinate satisfaction, motivation, and performance (Lowe et al. 1996). According to the research centre for leadership studies of University of Exeter (Bolden, R. et. al,2003), Bass transformational leaders may: expand a followers portfolio of needs transform a followers self-interest increase the confidence of followers elevate followers expectations heighten the value of the leaders intended outcomes for the follower encourage behavioral change motivate others to higher levels of personal achievement Simply put forward, transformational leaders can 1) Increase subordinates awareness of well-performance of their tasks, 2) Increase subordinates awareness of needs for personal development, and goal-fulfillment. 3) Increase subordinates awareness of working in the spirit of making good for organization rather than focus on personal benefit. On the contribution theory base of Burns and Bass, Tichy and Devanna (1986) built further on transformational leadership in organizational contexts. They described the nature of transformational as a behavioral process capable of being learned. And the characteristics of transformational leaders are indentified as courageous, trustworthy, value-driven, visionary, continuous learning, and able to deal with complexity. To make the theory more operational, Bass and Avolio (1994) proposed five dimensions of transformational leadership, idealized behaviors, idealized motivation, intellectual stimulation and individualized consideration and idealized attitude. The detailed behaviors of the five dimensions are showed in Table. Transformational Leadership Style Leader Behaviors 2) Consider the moral consequences of decisions 3) risk-sharing 4) Trust subordinates 2) Enthusiastic about job 3) Confident that goals will be achieved 4) Take a stand on controversial issues 2) look at problems from different angles 3) Suggest new ways to complete assignments 4) Encourage innovative thinking 2) Consider individuals different needs and abilities 3) Help to develop strengths 4) Promote self development 2) Act in ways that get respect from others 3) Display a sense of competence 4) Confident that obstacles will be overcome Conceptual Pitfalls The version of transformational leadership theory that has generated the most interest was contributed by Bass and his colleagues (Bass, 1985, 1996). Bass model of transformational leadership has been accepted by scholars and practitioners that organizations can encourage employees to perform beyond expectations. Despite a set of theory base in transformational leadership, concerns have been raised about the way in which the dimensions of the model have been defined (Avolio Yammarino, 2002; Hunt Conger, 1999; Shamir et al., 1993). Yukl (1999) proposed that it was not clearly differentiated between transformational and charismatic leadership. The influence processes for transformational and transactional leadership are blurring, and have not been explored systematically. The identification of types of transformational leadership behaviors seems to be based mostly on a factor analysis; therefore the theoretical base for differentiating among the behaviors is not explained. While every type of transformational leadership behavior includes a lot of components, it makes the definition more ambiguous. Leadership is viewed as a key determinant of organizational effectiveness; however, the leader behaviors that ultimately influence organizational performance are seldom described in detail. The organizational processes have not received sufficient attention in mainstream theories of transformational leadership. Moreover, stated by Yukl (1999), the theory provides insufficient identification of negative effects. It does not clearly identify any situation where transformational leadership is detrimental. However, some other researchers have noted that. For example, transformational leadership theory, putting more emphasis on the role of leadership to motivate employees, is biased at the expense of most of employees (Stephens et al., 1995). Porter and Bigley (1997) proposed that if members of an organization are influenced by different leaders with competing visions, the result will be increased role ambiguity and role conflict (Yukl, 1995). By establishing strong influence in the subunit, the leaders can achieve organizational goals more effectively, at the same time, arise competition among different subunits under different leaders. In that case, tasks that need cooperation among different unit will suffer. This is particularly harmful when inter-unit cooperation is necessary to achieve org anizational objectives, and further result a decline in organizational effectiveness. Empirical support for the transformational leadership model The above issues concerning the weaknesses of Transformational leadership research meant that empirical research can provide evidence if necessary. Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire (MLQ) is the most used measure of transformational leadership research developed by Bass. By using MLQ, the data can provide mixed support for the differentiation of the components of the transformational model, which is the most controversy issue that has not achieved the general agreement. From a wide range of settings, the positive effects of transformational leadership on several organizational outcomes have been proved. (Dumdum, Lowe, Avolio, 2002; Judge Piccolo, 2004; Lowe, Kroeck, Sivasubramaniam, 1996) while conflicting evidence has been reported concerning the factor structure of the model, and very strong relationships have been reported among the leadership factors (Avolio et al., 1999). Interestingly, by using the MLQ-1, report found the five-factor model of transformational leadership (including charisma, intellectual stimulation, individualized consideration, contingent reward, and management-by-exception) was fit properly to the data, however, a two-factor model(active and passive leadership factor) was also fit properly to the data (Bycio et al. 1995). Avolio (1999) proposed several alternate conceptual models of the factor structure underlying the MLQ-5X. Carless (1998) examined the MLQ-5X, and found that a hierarchical model (charisma, individualized consideration, and intellectual stimulation) representing facets of a second-order construct which called transformational leadership was fit well according to the data. Carless suggested that the MLQ-5X does not assess separate transformational leadership behaviors, but measures a single, hierarchical construct of transformational leadership (Alannah E. 2004). Researchers are using a number of tactics instead when examining transformational leadership. Some researchers used a reduced set of items to measure transformational leadership model (e.g., Tejeda et al., 2001). This strategy has been driven by empirical results but fail to be explained by strong theoretical rationale. Other authors, such as Podsakoff, MacKenzie, Moorman, and Fetter (1990), have developed their own measures of transformational and transactional leadership. While these three approaches may all prove useful in some situations, we argue that it is important to adopt a theoretically driven approach when evaluating the subdimensions of transformational leadership. As a result, we re-examine the theoretical model developed by Bass (1985) to identify five subdimensions of transformational leadership that will demonstrate discriminant validity with each other and with outcomes.

Abraham Lincoln Essays -- essays research papers fc

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Abraham Lincoln was born in a log cabin located in Hodgenville Kentucky on the twelfth of February in the year of 1809. His parents were Thomas and Nancy Hanks Lincoln. Lincoln had one older sister (Sarah) who was born in 1807. Three years after Abraham was born, his mother gave birth to a baby boy they named Thomas. The family was faced with devastating turmoil when Thomas died while he was still an infant. When Abe was nine years old he was kicked in the head by a horse, which caused his family to believe him to be dead. He survived, but his mother died a few months later of milk sickness. Thomas, Abraham’s father, remarried one year later to a young woman named Sarah Bush Johnston. Sarah was a widow who had three children of her own. Abe became extremely fond of his step mother and developed a great deal of affection towards her. In the years 1820-1822 Lincoln briefly attends school. In 1824 Lincoln began to plow and plant for his neighbors. During the f all and winter seasons he would attend school. Lincoln constantly borrowed books and read during any opportunity possible. On January twentieth of the year 1828 Sarah, Abe’s sister, passes away during childbirth. Three months later Lincoln takes his first trip to New Orleans on a flatboat caring farm produce. During this trip Abe experiences a slave auction and is attacked by seven black men attempting to rob him. In March of 1830 Abraham and his family move to Illinois, a two hundred mile journey, and settle along the Sangamon River. Once again Abraham Lincoln’s father moves, but this time Abe ventures to New Salem, Illinois. He remained there working as a clerk in the village store. The owner of the store also allowed Lincoln to sleep in the back. While in New Salem, Lincoln also began to participate in a local debating society. Two years after his family had moved to Illinois Lincoln found himself as the candidate for the Illinois General Assembly. He enlists in the Black Hawk war one month later. He was elected Captain of his rifle company, but was forced to reenlist as a private after that company was disbanded. During his three months of service he never fought in a battle. On August sixth he lost the election for the Illinois General Assembly. Lincoln was hit with another blow when the store that he worked at went out of business. He and his partner, William Berry, deci... ...an Cousin†, John Wilkes Booth shoots Lincoln in the head shortly after 10:00p.m on April 14, 1865. At 7:22 the next morning the sixteenth president of the United States was pronounced dead. His assassin was shot and killed in a tobacco barn eleven days later, never being put on trial. On May fourth, 1865 Abraham Lincoln was laid to rest in Oak Ridge Cemetery, located near Springfield, Illinois. Although Lincoln was not alive to see it, Congress passed the Thirteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution on January 31, 1865 that abolished slavery. Bibliography http://www.whitehouse.gov/history/presidents/al16.html http://showcase.netins.net/web/creative/lincoln.html http://members.aol.com/RVSNorton/Lincoln2.html http://www.historyplace.com/lincoln/ http://www.siec.k12.in.us/~west/proj/lincoln/ Dilorenzo, Thomas J. The Real Lincoln: A New Look at Abraham Lincoln, His Agenda, and an Unnecessary War. Prima Publishing; March 26, 2002. Miller, William Lee. Lincoln's Virtues: An Ethical Biography. Knopf publishing; January 15, 2002. Senzell, Sally Isaacs. America in the Time of Abraham Lincoln: The Story of Our Nation. Heineman Library; January 2001.

Financial Inclusion Essay

Role of Government in financial inclusion Abstract:- This research paper contains the full information about the financial inclusion of the world’s economic. In this research paper we describe the financial inclusion basic meaning, definitions, scope & significance. Now we move towards the second phase which include role of government & role of banks in financial inclusion. we also include the reforms that has been done by the government and the other government organizations . We also include the main article that has been given by the different ministers about financial inclusion & its reform. Financial Inclusion Meaning: Financial inclusion is a policy adopted by many countries to include more people in the financial set up of the country. It aims at tackling poverty and deprivation in the country. In simple terms financial inclusion refers to making the finance or the financial/banking sector more accessible to people. For example: Debit cards, internet banking and direct debit facilities are now common, convenient and cheap ways of paying for goods and services. Yet there are still people who are excluded from using these services. People who are losing out as they are unable to take advantage of the benefits offered by the range of financial products available. In developing and poor countries like Bangladesh, Nepal, Afgan etc there are many people who do not even have a bank account or who are unable to take advantage of the loans and deposit benefits offered by banks due to various reasons like lack of knowledge, fear, lack of proximity etc. Today, personal debt is at a record igh and borrowing without a bank account means using high interest lenders. Many of the people in this position live in our poorest communities and find themselves without choice or access to basic financial services, making it even more difficult to find routes out of poverty. Defination: Financial Inclusion is the delivery of banking services at affordable costs to vast sections of disadvantaged and low income groups. Unrestrained access to public goods and servic es is the sine qua non of an open and efficient society. It is argued that as banking services are in the nature of public good, it is essential that availability of banking and payment services to the entire population without discrimination is the prime objective of public policy. The term Financial Inclusion has gained importance since the early 2000s, and is a result of findings about Financial Exclusion and its direct correlation to poverty. Financial Inclusion is now a common objective for many central banks among the developing nations. Financial Inclusion in India The Reserve Bank of India setup a commission (Khan Commission) in 2004 to look into Financial Inclusion and the recommendations of the commission were incorporated into the Mid-term review of the policy (2005-06). In the report RBI exhorted the banks with a view of achieving greater Financial Inclusion to make available a basic â€Å"no-frills† banking account. In India, Financial Inclusion first featured in 2005, when it was introduced, that, too, from a pilot project in UT of Pondicherry, by K C Chakraborthy, the chairman of Indian Bank. Mangalam Village became the first village in India where all households were provided banking facilities. In addition to this KYC (Know your Customer) norms were relaxed for people intending to open accounts with annual deposits of less than Rs. 50, 000. General Credit Cards (GCC) were issued to the poor and the disadvantaged with a view to help them access easy credit. In January 2006, the Reserve Bank permitted commercial banks to make use of the services of non-governmental organizations (NGOs/SHGs), micro-finance institutions and other civil society organizations as intermediaries for providing financial and banking ervices. These intermediaries could be used as business facilitators (BF) or business correspondents (BC) by commercial banks. The bank asked the commercial banks in different regions to start a 100% Financial Inclusion campaign on a pilot basis. As a result of the campaign states or U. T. s like Puducherry, Himachal Pradesh and Kerala have announced 100% financial in clusion in all their districts. Reserve Bank of India’s vision for 2020 is to open nearly 600 million new customers’ accounts and service them through a variety of channels by leveraging on IT. However, illiteracy and the low income savings and lack of bank branches in rural areas continue to be a road block to financial inclusion in many states. Apart from this there are certain in Current model which is followed. There is inadequate legal and financial structure. India being a mostly agrarian economy hardly has schemes which lend for agriculture. Along with Microfinance we need to focus on Micro insurance too. The scope of financial inclusion The scope of financial inclusion can be expanded in two ways. ) through state-driven intervention by way of statutory enactments ( for instance the US example, the Community Reinvestment Act and making it a statutory right to have bank account in France). b) through voluntary effort by the banking community itself for evolving various strategies to bring within the ambit of the banking sector the large strata of society. When bankers do not give the desired attention to certain areas, the regulators have to step in to remedy the situ ation. This is the reason why the Reserve Bank of India is placing a lot of emphasis on financial inclusion. In India the focus of the financial inclusion at present is confined to ensuring a bare minimum access to a savings bank account without frills, to all. Internationally, the financial exclusion has been viewed in a much wider perspective. Having a current account / savings account on its own, is not regarded as an accurate indicator of financial inclusion. There could be multiple levels of financial inclusion and exclusion. At one extreme, it is possible to identify the ‘super-included’, i. e. , those customers who are actively and persistently courted by the financial ervices industry, and who have at their disposal a wide range of financial services and products. At the other extreme, we may have the financially excluded, who are denied access to even the most basic of financial products. In between are those who use the banking services only for deposits and withdrawals of money. But these persons may have only restricted access to the financial system, and may not en joy the flexibility of access offered to more affluent customers. Steps towards financial inclusion

The 21 ACT Tips You Should Be Using Today

The 21 ACT Tips You Should Be Using Today SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips The ACT has a straightforward test format, but that doesn’t mean it’s an easy test. You’re going to need to know how it’s structured and what kinds of questions to expect on each section in order to do well. In this article, I’ve listed 20 essential ACT tips, broken down by section, that will help you conquer the most difficult aspects of the test. ACT English Tips Tip #1: Know Your Grammar Rules The safest way to make sure you feel confident on the ACT English section is to memorize the grammar rules that will be on the test.On the ACT, it’s not enough to rely on whether something "sounds correct" to you.Since the test is standardized, you need to be prepared for the specific types of rules it will test and what it considers to be correct grammar.These won’t necessarily be rules you consistently use or are aware of in your everyday speech and writing. Thepassage-based format of ACT English can also present unique challenges.You need to make sure you’re reading the WHOLE sentence that you're being asked to edit.Sometimes the phrasing of an earlier part of a sentence will determine the correct answer for a change to the grammar of a later part. Tip #2: Watch Out for No Change Answers Many questions on ACT English that ask you about improving the grammar of sentences will also include a â€Å"no change† answer option.This option is risky because if you don’t know the grammar rule being broken, it’s easy to pick â€Å"no change† by accident.That’s why it’s important to be aware of how often you’re choosing â€Å"no change†. If it seems like you're choosing it more often than once every 4 or so questions, there might be something you’re missing.On any question where you’re tempted to pick â€Å"no change†, look at the sentence extra carefully and make sure there isn't another possibility.Read the sentence through again using all of the other options presented. If all of them still seem wrong, then â€Å"no change† is probably correct. ACT Writing Tips Tip #3: Plan Essay Examples Beforehand A great way to reduce stress on the ACT essay is to plan out the examples that you’ll use before the test.The essay prompts on the ACT are all relatively similar, so it’s not too difficult to come up with universal examples that could work for any of them.If you already have examples prepared, the hard work will be done for you.The only thing you’ll have to do during the test is relate them to the specific details of the prompt and to your opinions. You should also know that you don’t have to be factually accurate in your essay;if you have to twist the facts in your examples a bit to fit the needs of the prompt, that’s ok!The graders won't take points off because the essay is about your ability to structure your thoughts and answer the prompt logically, not about your level of outside knowledge. You can even say we actually landed on the moon! WAKE UP SHEEPLE Tip #4: Cater to the Essay Graders Just like all other parts of the ACT, the essay has to be as standardized as possible.This means there are a couple of things you can do to raise your score reliably: Make it at least two pages The grade of an essay isn’t technically supposed to be related to its length, but there is a positive correlation between essay length and essay score on the ACT.This does make some degree of sense: longer essays are going to provide more examples and support for the points they’re making.A good rule of thumb is to try and make your essay at least two pages long. Be sure to write an introduction and conclusion The quality of the introduction and conclusion of your essay will disproportionately affect your score, so you should ALWAYS include both of them.The essay graders are looking for a clear thesis that answers the question posed by the prompt and lists relevant examples.If you make it easy for the graders to figure out the point you’re trying to make, your score will come out better. Use varied word choice and writing style High scoring essays are the ones that flow well and are not repetitive.Try not to use the same phrases over and over or structure every topic sentence and transition the same way.Switch around your wording as much as possible while preserving the integrity of your original points. ACT Math Tips Tip #5: Know the Formulas It’s very important to know math formulas for the ACT because you aren’t provided with any of them on the test (except sometimes for individual questions that require the use of a weird formula).You’re going to waste a lot of unnecessary time on easy questions if you don’t memorize formulas, so you should get this out of the way first if you’re just starting to study for the ACT.Read our article on the formulas you need to know so you’ll be prepared! Tip #6: Fill in Content Gaps Sometimes knowing formulas isn’t enough if you haven’t encountered a certain type of question or content area in your classes before.When you do practice tests, make note of the questions you miss and see if there are any patterns in terms of question type.This could indicate weakness in a specific content area. Before you go any further with your math studying, you should focus on filling in the content gaps you find; this will improve your scores dramatically.Find study resources that deal directly with the problems you’re having, whether it’s geometry, algebra, trigonometry, or something else. Tip #7: Solve It on Your Own In order to fully understand your mistakes on ACT Math, it’s a good idea to force yourself to solve for the correct answer before reading answer explanations.When you get a question wrong, make note of the answer you should have gotten and see if you can arrive there without reading the explanation.You will have a much more solid grasp of the solution process if you go through it yourself rather than just reading about it.This exercise will give you a better chance of answering correctly if you come across a similar question in the future. Do we, though? ACT Reading Tips Tip #8: Read to Your Strengths The ACT is a very predictable test, and this is especially true on the reading section.There will always be four topic areas on ACT Reading in the following order: 1. Prose Fiction/Literary Narrative2. Social Science3. Humanities4. Natural Science Since you know what’s coming, you can make an informed decision about the order in which you’ll read the passages.If, for example, you’re more of a science person, you might decide to read the Natural Science passage or pair of passages first because it’s going to be the most interesting to you and the easiest to get through. This will give you an advantage because you’ll have enough time to answer questions that are easy for you and will earn you the most points.If you were to go through the reading section in order, you might end up rushing on the Natural Sciences passage(s) and not reaching your full score potential! Tip #9: Find a Good Passage Reading Method It’s extremely important to make sure you’re reading ACT passages in the most efficient way for your learning style. You don’t get much time per question on the reading section, so you have to use every minute wisely.Here are three potential reading strategies you might use: 1. Skim the passage first In my view, this is the best way to read ACT passages.By skimming first, you get a good sense of the main ideas of the passage and also might catch a lot of the details that the questions ask about.The best way to skim is to read the introduction and conclusion paragraphs, then the first and last sentences of every body paragraph.After skimming, you should try and answer any big picture questionsabout the passage first while the main ideas are fresh in your mind. 2. Do the questions first This is another viable option, even though it might seem risky.If you skip straight to the questions, you can start with detail questions and work your way up to big picture questions.In the process of finding the details, you will accumulate knowledge about the main ideas of the passage and eventually be able to answer the questions that are wider in scope.If you don't get all the information you need for big picture questions this way, you can always go back and skim, paying close attention to the introduction and conclusion paragraphs. 3. Read thoroughly This is the method that most people use instinctively because it’s what they’ve been told to do in school.Reading thoroughly can be fine if you’re a fast reader and have strong reading comprehension skills even under pressure.BUT if you experiment with the other methods and find that you can save yourself some time and not sacrifice any points, you’re probably better off using one of them instead. Whichever strategy you use, make sure you read the introductory blurb that’s included with each passage before you do anything else!This will give you helpful context for what to expect in the passage in terms of setting, content, and writing style. Tip #10: Predict the Answer Before you look at the answer choices for a reading question, you should try and think for yourself about what the answer might be.Doing this exercise can help to eliminate some of the confusion that might occur if you just looked at the answer choices right away.If you already have an answer in mind, you will be less compelled to pick answers that are plausible but not objectively correct. Sometimes it’s also helpful to rephrase the question in your own words if you find it to be confusing.This will likewise allow you to maintain your focus and avoid choosing answers that are not quite the right fit for the question based on the passage. (ACT questions only) Tip #11: Rely on Direct Evidence Remember that every question in the reading section has an answer that is supported by direct evidence in the passage!You shouldn’t have to make unsupported assumptions in order to answer any of the questions.There will always be SOMETHING that you can cite to give credence to your choice. If you can’t find evidence for an answer, you have to eliminate it even if it sounds plausible.There’s a big difference between plausible and correct on the ACT.Even with inference questions, which ask you to look beyond literal facts in the passages, you should still be able to find evidence for your answers.This is when you might have to look for context clues or connotation in words around the section of the passage you’re referencing in order to point you in the right direction. Tip #12: Get Intellectually Curious It might seem silly, but try and be interested in the material you’re reading.This will not only help you to absorb information better, but will also allow you to get something productive out of the test besides your score.You’ll have a much better time if you treat ACT reading as a pleasant learning experience and not a chore! ACT Science Tips Tip #13: Do the Conflicting Viewpoints Section Last The conflicting viewpoints passage on ACT Science is usually the most time-consuming part of the section and often the most difficult.It’s different from the rest of ACT Science because it doesn’t present any actual data.It just gives you a couple of passages that express different scientific opinions and asks you to answer questions about them. This requires a strong combination of reading comprehension and scientific reasoning skills.It’s a good idea to save conflicting viewpoints for last because you will eliminate the risk of getting stick on it and not having time to answer easier questions later on in the science section. Tip #14: Focus on the Visuals It’s best to ignore the introductions laden with technical terms that are provided to you on the science section and skip right to the graphs.When it comes down to it, almost all the questions you’ll see on ACT science can be answered just by looking at the data presented in the visuals.All of the other information is just there to distract and confuse you - don’t let it! Tip #15: Don’t Be Intimidated The main obstacle to succeeding on ACT science is just the fact that it LOOKS scary.Well, I’m here to tell you that it’s really not that hard - you don’t even have to know much science beyond what you learned back in elementary school. You may run into terms that you don’t know, but you most likely won’t have to understand them in order to answer questions correctly.They’re only in there to make this section seem more difficult than it actually is. This fools a lot of people, but if you stay calm and remember that you’ll never have to know any high-level science to do well, you should be fine.Focus solely on what the questions are asking and read the graphs logically, and you’ll do well! But you should probably watch out for that train behind you... Overall ACT Test Taking Tips Tip #16: Use Process of Elimination As I’ve written in another article, the fundamental rule of ACT Reading is that there is only one absolutely correct answer for each question, and you need to learn to eliminate the other three choices.This elimination rule applies to the other sections of the ACT as well.It’s far easier to work on eliminating incorrect answers than to try and pick out the correct answer right away. For each choice, ask yourself - where is the evidence? Does this answer the question?If anything in the choice doesn’t match up with what you read in the passage or the data you’re referencing, eliminate it.If an answer is only halfway right, it’s wrong! Tip #17: Skip Difficult Questions For students who struggle with running out of time on the ACT, lingering too much on hard questions is a major pitfall.If you find yourself floundering on a question, it’s a good idea to skip it on your first pass through the section.Just circle it so that it will be easier to spot when you go back through the questions. If you’re spending more than: 30 seconds on an English question60 seconds on a Math question45 seconds on a Reading or Science question SKIP IT! Take timed practice tests to experiment with how it feels to spend this much time on a question so that during the real ACT you’ll have a good sense of when you need to move on. Tip #18: Double Check Your Answers At the end of each section, if you have a few minutes left, you should go back through and check your answers to be sure you didn’t make any careless mistakes.As you’re answering questions, you can put a little star next to the ones you’re unsure about so you will know to focus on them if you have time at the end. Things to look for when double checking: 1. â€Å"LEAST† or â€Å"EXCEPT† questions - these are breeding grounds for careless mistakes. 2. Questions where you went back and forth between two answers - if you were unsure about a question, it's a good idea to go back and check it again. 3. Whichever types of questions you know you tend to have trouble with - for example, you might be extra careful with double checking the conflicting viewpoints passage questions for science. Tip #19: Do Your Bubbling Last You can actually save yourself a few minutes of time if you don’t bubble in your answers until the end of the section.As you go along, circle your choices in the test booklet so it will be easy for you to go through and fill in all the correct bubbles on your answer sheet later.This tip helps you to avoid the annoying process of switching between the test booklet and the answer sheet that will cost you a few seconds on every question. Before you decide to use this tip, make sure you’re capable of finishing the section with at least 3-5 minutes to spare.You don’t want to get stuck in a situation where you answered all the questions but didn’t have time to fill in all the bubbles. Another important thing to remember on the ACT is that you should always bubble in an answer for every question.There is no guessing penalty, so it’s to your advantage to fill in a bubble for every question even if you don’t have a clue what the answer is.You could get lucky, and if you don’t it won’t impact your score! Sooooo tippy (this has nothing to do with any specific tip I just wanted to include it somewhere) Tip #20: Get All Your Stuff Together the Night Before The day of the test, your palms will be sweaty, knees weak, arms heavy. The last thing you want to do is forget your ACT test ticket or pencils. So the day before the test, make sure you have all your stuff in one place, ideally in a backpack. The most important things: ACT admission ticket Acceptable photo ID #2 pencils and erasers ACT-Approved Calculator There are other optional things like snacks and water bottle we highly recommend. Don't even question it - just pack it in the day before so on the morning of the test, you'll be ready. Tip #21: Remain Calm When all is said and done, the best tip that anyone can give you is to stop psyching yourself out.Since your score for any given section on the ACT is riding on the single block of time that you have to answer the questions, freaking out about one hard question could really hurt you. If you run into a question you don’t know, just skip it!It might seem easier when you come back to it later with less time pressure. Keep in mind that it’s not the end of the world if you don’t get your highest scores on this test.You’ll have opportunities to take it again, and you can always improve! Review We've gone through 20 of the most important tips you should be using to do well on the ACT. Here's a complete list: English 1. Know your grammar rules2. Watch out for "no change" answers Writing 3. Plan essay examples beforehand4. Cater to the essay graders Math 5. Know the formulas6. Fill in content gaps7. Solve questions on your own first Reading 8. Read your strongest topic area first9. Find the right passage reading strategy10. Predict the answer before looking at the choices11. Rely only on direct evidence12. Get intellectually curious Science 13. Do the conflicting viewpoints section last14. Rely on the visuals15. Don't be intimidated Overall Test Taking Tips 16. Use process of elimination17. Skip tough questions18. Double check your answers19. Bubble at the end, and fill in all the bubbles20. Pack all your stuff the day before the test.21. Stay calm If you follow this advice in your studying and during the test, you'll end up dramatically improving your scores! Remember to use more in-depth strategies to study for each section and improve your content knowledge before implementing tips. Check out our articles on how to get perfect scores on every section of the ACT for more strategies. What's Next? Take a look at our complete planand this six step guide to figure out when you should start studying for the ACT! Need more resources to supplement your studying? Read this article on the ten best books for ACT prep. Are you trying to figure out when you should take the ACT? Here's our guide to figuring out your ideal test dates! Want to improve your ACT score by 4 points? Check out our best-in-class online ACT prep program. We guarantee your money back if you don't improve your ACT score by 4 points or more. Our program is entirely online, and it customizes your prep program to your strengths and weaknesses. We also have expert instructors who can grade every one of your practice ACT essays, giving feedback on how to improve your score. Check out our 5-day free trial:

How to Write a Business Memo

How to Write a Business Memo How to Write a Business Memo A memo (or memorandum) is a short document designed for internal communication. If you need to inform your employees or co-workers of something, for instance, you may need to write a business memo. But how does this work? In this post, we look at the basics. Header Information A business memo should identify itself, so use the heading â€Å"MEMORANDUM† at the top. After that, you need to include four things: The date you are sending the memo The memo’s recipient(s) Yourself (i.e., the sender) The subject of the memo So if we had to contact our proofreaders, our memo might begin: The recipients will then be able to see whether it applies to them. Part One: Your Main Point Begin your memo by clearly explaining why you are sending it. It is vital to get to the point quickly here, so focus on the most important details and save in-depth information for later. Part Two: Supporting Evidence The second – and probably longest – part of your memo will be a more detailed explanation of the subject of the memo. This may include: Relevant background information for context An explanation of the issue, possibly including an example Any supporting evidence required to make your point Ideally, this should be no more than a paragraph or two. If you find you have a lot of information to communicate, you may need to write a full business report. However, you can use a memo to draw attention to a longer document (e.g., by attaching a file or including a URL). Part Three: Closing Statement End your memo with a brief closing statement. If applicable, this should include what you want the recipients to do in response to the memo (e.g., a course of action or submitting information). Alternatively, it can simply be a short summary of the key information from the memo. Tips on How to Write a Business Memo When writing a business memo, make sure to: Use a clear, concise writing style that is easy to understand. Make sure the tone is appropriate to the subject. For instance, while a memo about a business decision would be formal and professional, a memo announcing the date of the company’s Christmas party should probably use a more festive tone. Use formatting such as bullet points and lists to help skim readers. Remember that a memo is not a letter. You do not need to include a salutation at the start or a valediction at the end (e.g., no need for â€Å"Dear So and So† or â€Å"Kind regards†). Finally, we’ve created an example memorandum to show you what yours might look like. And don’t forget to ensure your memo is error free by having it checked by a professional proofreader.